中文
The production system of China’s new materials industry is basically complete,and the scale of the industry continues to grow,forming the world’s most comprehensive and largest materials industry system.China ranks first in the world in terms of production of over a hundred materials,including steel,non-ferrous metals,rare earth metals,cement,glass,chemical fibers,advanced energy storage materials,photovoltaic materials,organic silicon,polyurethane raw materials,superhard materials,and special stainless steel.We have gradually established a new material innovation system with enterprises as the main body,market orientation,and the combination of industry,academia,research and application.Relying on regional resource advantages,new material industry clusters have been formed in Bohai Rim,Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta,central and western regions,Northeast China and other regions.
At present,the development of China’s new chemical materials industry has a certain foundation.The sales revenue of new chemical materials in China in 2022 is about 900 billion yuan,which is 2.7 times that of 2015 and accounts for about 30%of the global output value.But overall,the overall technological strength still lags behind developed countries and regions such as the United States and Europe,facing some challenges and problems:
Firstly,the increase in production capacity of major chemical products far exceeds the growth in demand.For example,the production growth rate of synthetic resin in China is relatively fast,while the consumption growth rate of traditional industries is relatively slow,and the domestic supply-demand contradiction is more prominent;The growth rate of consumption of most basic chemical raw materials continues to slow down.With the expansion of production capacity,the total production capacity to consumption ratio of 24 major chemical products in China in 2022 has risen from 110%in 2021 to 118%,and the phenomenon of overcapacity is intensifying.
Secondly,the structural contradictions of major chemical products are more prominent.The domestic high-end manufacturing industry and strategic emerging industries are rapidly developing,and the demand for high-end new materials continues to grow.However,the innovation capability of the domestic petrochemical industry is insufficient,and the level of green and safe development is not high,which restricts the high-end development of the industry.In 2022,the average self-sufficiency rate of high-end chemical materials in China is about 54%.Some products have a large annual import volume and high external dependence,such as metallocene polyethylene,which has an external dependence of over 90%.The foreign trade deficit of China’s petrochemical industry is mainly concentrated in the fields of high-end synthetic materials,high-end membrane materials,high-performance fibers and composite materials,high-purity reagents,and high-end electronic chemicals.
Thirdly,market competition is becoming more intense.With the intensification of supply and demand contradictions,the market competition for bulk general products has become more intense.Market competition has shifted from single product competition to integrated competition across the entire industry chain.A pattern of integrated development of large,medium,and small enterprises is taking shape,and the strategic cooperation development model of complementary industrial chains will become the norm in the industry.The industrial layout of more enterprises will shift from expanding the scale of bulk basic products to strengthening,refining,optimizing and refining products,and”specialization,refinement,novelty”will become the mainstream of market efficiency creation.The pace of multinational corporations’sole proprietorship layout in the domestic high-end market is also accelerating.
The urgency of tackling key core technologies in high-end materials has become increasingly prominent.Since the 13th Five Year Plan,most of the newly launched high-end polyolefin projects in China have introduced technology from multinational companies.High purity electronic chemicals,some key catalysts,high-end medical membrane materials,high-performance fibers and composite materials,carbonization furnaces for carbon fiber production lines,and other large-scale complete sets of technologies,high-end products,and core equipment are still not mastered by China’s petrochemical enterprises.There is still a significant gap compared with international leading enterprises in terms of technological engineering and achievement industrialization.
Currently,although facing many challenges,the future development space of China’s chemical new materials industry is enormous.Terminal manufacturing enterprises are accelerating the localization and substitution of high-end materials,and there is an urgent need for the localization of new chemical materials.In the future,there is a huge space for domestic materials to replace imports in high-end polyolefins,engineering plastics,high-performance fibers,functional film materials,and electronic chemicals.At the same time,domestic downstream emerging industry users have a strong demand for high-end chemical new materials,providing new market opportunities for the chemical materials industry.
In terms of innovation chain,domestic material basic research is increasingly receiving attention.With the improvement of China’s technological development level and changes in the international environment,original innovation capability has become a key element for China to further enhance its international competitiveness,and the importance of basic research has gradually been highly valued by the country.In the field of chemistry and materials science,China ranks first in the world in terms of research activity.Taking 2022 as an example,the number of cutting-edge research in the top three in this field in China accounts for 92.31%,and the research frontier heat index is about 2.5 times that of the second ranked United States;The connection between large-scale scientific facilities and material research is closer,playing the role of a source of original innovation.
In terms of the industrial chain,China has the advantage of the entire industry chain from crude oil extraction to refining,from raw materials(monomers)to processes,products,processing,applications,recycling,etc.After 40 years of innovative development,Sinopec has formed a raw material system mainly composed of petroleum,coal,and natural gas,supplemented by needle coke,biomass,and other materials.It is accelerating the integration of the”dual chain”and has achieved industrialization of major chemical material technologies such as synthetic resins,synthetic rubber,and synthetic fibers.Some high-end products have made breakthroughs and accelerated the layout of green resource utilization of waste materials.It has widely developed physical and chemical recycling technologies to solve the problem of reusing waste polymer materials,and used resource utilization technologies to solve the pollution problem of waste and the resource utilization problem of hydrocarbons.